VariantAnnotationTool

Introduction

This is a design document for a proposed variant annotation tool, Feature #6152 in redmine.

Numerous existing tools combine variant calls and gene annotations into predicted functional effects of SNPs. For example, an A/G variant at hg19 chr1:15687059-15687059 (rs4661330) is coding-non-synonymous: having an A makes the 919th codon of canonical FHAD1 code for E (GAA), while having a G makes it code for peptide G (GGA). For alt-splice variants, the same variant falls in the 172nd, 107th or 66th codon. Another variant might be intergenic, another may fall in the UTR or splice site of a gene, another variant may be coding but synonymous, etc.

Our tool will of course produce protein-coding effect predictions such as those, but since we have such a rich annotation database, we can relate a variant to many types of data beyond protein-coding gene annotations.

Name

Not variant Effect Predictor or other names in use.

• Variantizor?
• Predictorator?
• Diffmeister?
• Differizerator?
• Variant Annotator
• Varannosaurus Rex
• Varannozilla
• Global Variant Annotator
• Integrated Variant Annotator (except rings of Broad IGV)
• Variant Annotation Integrator
• Variant Annotatoon Tool ( except VAT is not good acronym)

Use cases

MLQ requests

MLQ #3582 "Ideally I'd like to submit a list of variations (in BED format), the reference genome (hg18/19) and get type of effect back"

MLQ #5242 note 17: user has (chr, coord, strand); wants ref. base, known SNP data if any, refseq codon if any

MLQ #6294: "I have a list of genomic positions for putative mutations that I would like to convert into mutant mRNA and peptide sequences. Could you recommend an automated way to do this?"

Novel variant calls from sequencing experiment

The user gets a bunch of short reads and uses a commonly available NGS pipeline to align short reads to the genome and report discovered variants. The pipeline produces a big file of genomic positions and observed variant alleles.

Now they're wondering which variants are the interesting ones. They want to upload the file that their pipeline spit out, and get back some clue about which variants might have a functional effect.

List of rs IDs

The user reads a paper that lists ~20 SNPs associated with some trait, and wants to know more about them: coding? conserved? etc.

User gets BAM file from seq facility

The user is a PI in a lab and the seq data come to her in a BAM file. Would likle to see the read depth as a custom track and also the amino acid diffs for the non-reference alleles in a Custom Track. It could be we simply show any DNA base that does not meatch (even it only one of ten reads), and not try tomake a judgement on how likely it is a real diff.

Command line mode

Standalone binary takes input and output file names on the command line. Does CGI call this, or is most the code in libraries?

Features

Like many existing tools, we will report the variants' effects on genes (splice-3, coding-non-synon etc.).

UCSC's major enhancements will be

1. the incorporation of the many types of data in our database
2. presentation of the results: not just loads of data, but also links to browser views

Input

The input will be variant calls: fundamentally, genomic position plus observed alleles.

• pgSnp
• VCF
• Other formats, e.g. outputs of popular NGS pipelines?
  • 23andMe?  :)
  • maybe eventually BAM and pileup; but there are established, sophisticated variant callers for BAM, better to take variant calls from those tools.

Types of Variation

The architecture must support all known forms of variation with respect to a reference assembly. Initially, the implementation will support single nucleotide variants only. We will work our way up through multi-nucleotide variants, small indels, and ultimately large-scale rearrangements.

Output

• tab-separated file
  • format?
• custom track in GB/TB
  • display should show any AA diff from ref.
  • probably should show two alleles if input in heterozygous SNPs - can be simply two BED boxes.
  • coloring of diffs in amino-acid space, anyway, can use "different codons" as we do with mRNAs now. Should show amino acids downstream of a frameshift in yellow all the way to any in-frame stop. If user is looking at a window on the gene that does not include the actual variant, she is going to want to know that the protein is messed up.
• intermediate level to summarize and filter findings
• ?highlight in multiple alignment?
• ?ancestral polarization?
• ?binding motif disruption?

Interface

CGI

Main page

Form:

• paste/upload variants
• select annotation sources
  • any track including custom tracks?
• select output format/presentation
  • custom track in [Genome Browser | Table Browser]
  • summary with filters
  • mutant sequence (genomic, mRNA, protein)
• go!

followed by brief how-to and link to more detailed doc.

Summary/Filters

Stats: #variants, #variants intersecting each annotation source (further broken down for protein-coding genes)

Form:

• Select annotation source
• Filters
  • For protein-coding gene annotations: coding-non-synon, etc.
  • For wiggle tracks: min/max threshold
  • ...?

Links to Similar Tools

http://uswest.ensembl.org/info/docs/variation/vep/index.html

http://snpeff.sourceforge.net/faq.html

Screen Shots of Other Tools